The AOM is tuned to deflect a variable amount of the laser power into the optical lattice. The potential depth of the optical lattice can be tuned in real time by changing the power of the laser, which is normally controlled by an acousto-optic modulator (AOM). The potential experienced by the atoms is related to the intensity of the laser used to generate the optical lattice. There are two important parameters of an optical lattice: the potential well depth and the periodicity. Néel state at sufficiently low temperatures. In the case of Fermionic atoms, if the well depth is further increased the atoms are predicted to form an antiferromagnetic, i.e. In the Mott insulator phase, atoms will be trapped in the potential minima and cannot move freely, which is similar to the electrons in an insulator. However, a superfluid– Mott insulator transition may occur, if the interaction energy between the atoms becomes larger than the hopping energy when the well depth is very large. The resulting arrangement of trapped atoms resembles a crystal lattice and can be used for quantum simulation.Ītoms trapped in the optical lattice may move due to quantum tunneling, even if the potential well depth of the lattice points exceeds the kinetic energy of the atoms, which is similar to the electrons in a conductor. ![]() Atoms are cooled and congregate at the potential extrema (at maxima for blue-detuned lattices, and minima for red-detuned lattices). ![]() The resulting periodic potential may trap neutral atoms via the Stark shift. Atomic-scale structure formed through the Stark shift by opposing beams of lightĪtoms (represented as blue spheres) pictured in a 2D-optical lattice potential (represented as the yellow surface).Īn optical lattice is formed by the interference of counter-propagating laser beams, creating a spatially periodic polarization pattern.
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